'A Consumer of Catholic Education'

The new president of The Catholic University of America speaks about the importance of hiring Catholic professors at a Catholic university.

John Garvey believes it is vital for a Catholic university to have faculty who are committed to the witness of the Catholic faith.

“The universities themselves will only be distinctive and distinctively Catholic if they hire people who want to make them that, and to do that you have to count, and not just count people who have a baptismal certificate, but those who really care about putting those things together,” he told Register senior writer Tim Drake in a wide-ranging interview the day after his inauguration as president of The Catholic University of America. “In hiring non-Catholics, you need to pay attention to what they will contribute to the culture of the institution.”

While Garvey has been president of the institution since July, he was formally inaugurated Jan. 25 during a Mass at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.


In Catholic higher education, there’s much talk about Catholic identity. What does Catholic identity, on a practical level, mean here?

There are two kinds of things you want to look at. In the first instance, Catholic identity is carried by, and most importantly consists in, hiring faithful Catholics to teach on the faculty, and so that a majority of the faculty should be people faithful to the witness of the faith. Also, I think it’s important to represent people of other faiths who are committed to the mission of the university and who add intellectual dimensions or depth to the discussion, but within the context of this. It’s not something that people can be indifferent about. That is the most important thing, and it carries over into classes in history, classics, sociology, economics and business. That’s essential. The bishops, in the norms that they promulgated in Ex Corde Ecclesiae, had it exactly right.

I have said to the faculty that it’s important for all of us to keep in mind the norms that the bishops have promulgated, that a majority of the faculty should be committed to the witness of the faith. I’ve spoken to the deans and department chairs about how that’s something we need to make part of our hiring process — and not just keeping count after the fact, but rather at the beginning of the process, to make sure that our search operates in the way that good affirmative-action searches operate: You proactively go out and seek out people who want to work at a university like this and include them in the mix of people that we interview. We make part of the interview process a discussion about the nature of our Catholic mission and ask prospective faculty members what they would contribute to that. So, it’s very much part of our public discussions and search processes.

A second dimension is the student-life dimension. This is something I’m a little bit newer to, in one way, but in one way I’m not. Unlike many of my predecessors, I have been a consumer of Catholic education. Jeanne and I have educated five children in 95 years of Catholic education, all told. All of them have been to Catholic colleges and universities. It’s really important to us, in following our children through college, not only what they study in the classroom, but also because they are living at the universities: What are their lives like in the residence halls? What are their opportunities for the sacraments in their everyday life? What are their friends’ attitudes towards the Church, towards Mass and the sacraments, and towards the beatitudes? Because much of the work of raising your children, once they reach a certain age, is who they are living with. Having the right student life at the university is a really important part of what kind of adult Catholics they grow up to be. For us, it was really important that they be at a place where they could meet young Catholics, because they’re going to fall in love with somebody, and that is a consideration.


What do you see as CUA’s greatest strengths and weaknesses?

I think its greatest strengths are, first, its self-conception as the national university of the Catholic Church. That’s not just a phrase. It’s a very real sense of our institutional identity that everybody — faculty, staff, students, alumni, administration, trustees — are all pretty much in accord about. That’s unique in Catholic higher education.

We were intentionally located in Washington. There was a certain amount of enthusiasm to have it in Emmitsburg [Md.], Boston, New York or Cincinnati. The bishops intentionally located it in Washington because they thought it was a university that needed to be able to take part in the councils of government and be in the capital of the United States. For what we do, it’s a perfect location.

Take the March for Life. Here we are. Our students can host high-school students who are coming in from out of town.

Also, departments such as politics or physics or the law school send students as interns to work on the Hill. That’s a really great advantage for our students’ lives, but also for the university.

A third great strength that we have as a university, and one that I didn’t appreciate until I came here, is we’re the biggest school in Washington. We’re twice as big as Georgetown. In terms of acreage, we have a really large college campus right in the middle of Washington, with room to stretch out and build things. So, that’s a great prospect for our future. It makes it a lovely place to be.

Our fourth is: We have a number of schools and departments that have been here a long time and have developed a real capacity, so there is an intellectual strength to the university that’s important in a university that wants to be the leader in Catholic higher education.

One opportunity we have for growth is the way we can best integrate undergraduate education into the work that we do. We were founded as a graduate school to provide “higher” education, mostly to priests who had been to college. That’s what we did for the first 17 years of our existence. We added undergraduates at the beginning of the 20th century, partly as a matter of financial necessity. You’ll still hear among some of our alumni and faculty that the most important work of the university is the training of graduate students. That is no less important than it ever was. But the education that we provide to undergraduates has become much more important in what we do, and we need to get everyone thinking on the same page.


How does Catholicism inform the teaching in the various disciplines at CUA?

Let me use some examples from my own discipline, which is law. People wonder: What’s Catholic about law? The law is the set of rules we create to make society run smoothly and justly. It’s Catholic through and through. People’s Catholic convictions affect their legal views. Take how we feel about the forms and limits of criminal punishment. [Pope John Paul II and the Catechism of the Catholic Church taught] that the death penalty is a form of punishment that should rarely, if ever, be used in an advanced country like America. What are the reasons for punishment? There’s a theory that criminal punishment serves as a general deterrent to set an example so that other people won’t do the same thing. In Catholic ways of thinking, that’s wrong. We don’t execute A so that B will behave better. That sort of thinking is out of bounds. Or think about the way we make rules for health care, immigration, the protection of the environment, to say nothing of constitutional rules about the relations between churches and government or the protection of the unborn.

So, it permeates law, and the same is true of politics.

In courses in sociology, economics, anthropology and education, you can see the same kind of spectrum. Our history department has an interesting focus. One of the things they look at in hiring faculty is those who have a particular interest in the role of religion in history and the role of Catholicism in the history of America.

Part of the role of faith in departments is the kinds of programs or subject matter they focus on, and seeing the world and our past through the eyes of faith. In English, they may have a particular interest in the literature of modern American Southern Catholic writers such as Flannery O’Connor and Walker Percy, or the work of the great modern American Catholic poet Dana Gioia.

As for biology, the kinds of fights we have over the application of the “Ethical and Religious Directives” in hospitals are things that grow out of different understandings of the importance of protecting innocent human life or end-of-life care or the fights over embryonic stem-cell research or artificial methods of conception. Those grow out of sensibilities that biologists form when they are getting their first levels of education. What kinds of experiments do they do? How do biologists talk about the creation of human life?

One of the really important points I’m trying to make is that college professors are really important role models for their students. They don’t just come and deliver their lecture and go away. They aren’t just hired entertainment. They are people who we want our students to admire and emulate. Teachers have to set that kind of example for their students.


Recently, the bishops have announced a review of the implementation ofEx Corde Ecclesiae. What do you expect to come from that review?

More generally, I’ve spoken to some of the bishops who are part of the planning process, and one of the observations I have is that Ex Corde and the norms have already had an important impact on Catholic higher education. There was a tendency — we were going in the direction that James Burtchaell described in his book The Dying of the Light, the drift in Catholic higher education. I think that Ex Corde and the norms did a lot to stop the momentum in that direction and got Catholic colleges and universities thinking about what their Catholicity consisted in. You see it on their websites now, in their presentation of themselves. They’ve begun to think about the kinds of programs that they offer that would be signature programs. I think those are really important changes that have taken place.

At the same time, I think we haven’t paid enough attention to who we hire on our faculties and what their intellectual projects are. The two parts of the norms that the universities were most sensitive about were the mandate [mandatum: canon law’s term for a bishop’s official recognition of a Catholic theologian’s pledge to teach in communion with the Church] for those teaching theology and the directive that, to the extent possible, a majority of the faculty be Catholics committed to the witness of their faith. The second is the most important of those. The universities themselves will only be distinctive and distinctively Catholic if they hire people who want to make them that, and to do that you have to count, and not just count people who have a baptismal certificate, but those who really care about putting those things together. In hiring non-Catholics, you need to pay attention to what they will contribute to the culture of the institution.

One thing that will come out of the review is an effort to gather information about how we are doing along those lines, and what I like about the bishops’ approach is that universities and bishops are talking to one another. You don’t hear so much anymore handwringing at the universities, that we’re being taken over by bishops who are not themselves academics. The bishops have no wish to make a hostile takeover of the universities in their jurisdictions. They want to talk to the presidents and want the presidents to talk to them — and want the faculty to know what the Church’s interests and concerns are about the university. Those conversations are taking place now in an atmosphere that’s much more open to discussion.

Register senior writer Tim Drake writes from St. Joseph, Minnesota.

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