Pope Francis has agreed with the view that the forced removal of Indigenous children from their families and their treatment in Canada’s residential-school system was a form of “cultural genocide.”

Speaking to journalists on the papal plane on July 30, the Pope explained that he had not used the term “genocide” during his public apologies for past abuses perpetrated by Catholics in the system because it had not come to mind.

Canada’s residential-school system, to which Pope Francis referred, ran for more than 100 years. It worked to stamp out Indigenous culture and language systematically, often by removing children from their families by force. Catholic organizations ran at least 60% of the government-funded boarding schools.

The 85-year-old Pontiff spoke at the end of a week-long trip to Canada in which he traveled to Edmonton, Québec, and Iqaluit on what he called a “penitential pilgrimage” to apologize and repeatedly express his shame and sorrow to the country’s Indigenous communities for the role the Catholic Church played in the system.

In 2015, the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission concluded that the country’s residential-schools system constituted a “cultural genocide.”

During the in-flight press conference on his return flight to Rome from Iqaluit, Francis said while he had not used the word “genocide,” he indeed had described one. “I apologized; I asked forgiveness for this work, which was genocide.”

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which ran from 2008 to 2015, concluded that thousands of children died while attending “Indian Residential Schools” and called for action on 94 points. 

The papal apologies were one of the commission's four points addressed to the Catholic Church. 

In a brief address Friday to delegates representing nine Indigenous nations of Canada, Pope Francis said he was returning home “greatly enriched” after his weeklong journey: “I have come as a pilgrim, despite my physical limitations, to take further steps forward with you and for you. I do this so that progress may be made in the search for truth, so that the processes of healing and reconciliation may continue, and so that seeds of hope can keep being sown for future generations — Indigenous and non-Indigenous alike — who desire to live together, in harmony, as brothers and sisters,”