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9 Things You Should Know About How the Church Celebrates January 1

Sunday, December 30, 2012 1:46 PM Comments (30)

On January 1, the Church celebrates several things connected with Mary and Jesus. What are they? And why do we celebrate them now?

January 1 is an important day in the Church's liturgy.

There is a lot that we commemorate on this day!

What we are celebrating, and why we are celebrating it now, can be a little confusing.

Here are nine things you should know . . .

 

1. What exactly are we celebrating on January 1?

According to the Universal Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar [.pdf]:

1 January, the octave day of the Nativity of the Lord, is the Solemnity of Mary, the holy Mother of God, and also the commemoration of the conferral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus [Norms, 35f].

 

2. Didn't this day used to signify something else?

Yes. Pope Benedict explains:

It was Pope Paul VI who moved to 1 January the Feast of the Divine Motherhood of Mary, which was formerly celebrated on 11 October.

Indeed, even before the liturgical reform that followed the Second Vatican Council, the memorial of the circumcision of Jesus on the eighth day after his birth -- as a sign of submission to the law, his official insertion in the Chosen People -- used to be celebrated on the first day of the year and the Feast of the Name of Jesus was celebrated the following Sunday [Homily, Jan. 1, 2008].

 

3. Why would the commemoration of Jesus' Most Holy Name be moved to January 1?

January 1 is eight days after Christmas, and it was on the eighth day after his birth that Jesus was officially named.

At the time, the official naming of a son was done at the time of his circumcision, when he was officially placed in the covenant and the Chosen People.

Thus St. John the Baptist is given his name at the time of his circumcision (Luke 1:59-63), and so is Jesus:

And at the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb [Luke 2:21].

 

4. Don't we celebrate Mary's motherhood on other days, like the Annunciation and Christmas?

Yes, but the focus on those days isn't on her role as mother per se. On the solemnity of the Annunciation, the focus is on the miracle of Jesus' virginal conception, and on Christmas the focus is on Jesus himself.

 

5. Why put a celebration of Mary's motherhood on January 1 in addition to the commemoration of Jesus' naming?

Pope Benedict states:

The Apostle Paul refers to the mystery of the divine motherhood of Mary, the Theotokos, in his Letter to the Galatians.

"When the time had fully come", he writes, "God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law" (4: 4).

We find the mystery of the Incarnation of the Divine Word and the Divine Motherhood of Mary summed up in a few words: the Virgin's great privilege is precisely to be Mother of the Son who is God.

The most logical and proper place for this Marian feast is therefore eight days after Christmas [ibid.].

 

6. How should we understand Mary's motherhood?

Pope Benedict explains:

Mary, in fact, is the true Mother of God precisely by virtue of her total relationship to Christ. Therefore, in glorifying the Son one honours the Mother and in honouring the Mother one glorifies the Son.

The title of “Mother of God” which the Liturgy highlights today, stresses the unique mission of the Blessed Virgin in the history of salvation: a mission that is at the root of the worship and devotion which the Christian people reserve for her.

Indeed, Mary did not receive God’s gift for herself alone, but in order to bring him into the world: in her fruitful virginity, God gave men and women the gifts of eternal salvation (cf. Collect).

And Mary continually offers her mediation to the People of God, on pilgrimage through history towards eternity, just as she once offered it to the shepherds of Bethlehem.

She, who gave earthly life to the Son of God, continues to give human beings divine life, which is Jesus himself and his Holy Spirit.

For this reason she is considered the Mother of every human being who is born to Grace and at the same time is invoked as Mother of the Church [Homily, January 1, 2011].

 

7. Why does the first reading of the Mass on this day give the formula that the Old Testament priests used to bless the people?

Pope Benedict explains:

Salvation is a gift of God; in the first reading, it was presented as a blessing:  "The Lord bless you and keep you!... The Lord look upon you kindly and give you peace!" (Nm 6: 24, 26).

This is the blessing that priests used to invoke upon the people at the end of the great liturgical feasts, particularly the feast of the New Year.

We are in the presence of a text packed with meaning, punctuated by the Name of the Lord which is repeated at the beginning of every verse. This text is not limited to the mere enunciation of principles but strives to realize what it says.

Indeed, as is widely known, in Semitic thought the blessing of the Lord produces well-being and salvation through its own power, just as cursing procures disgrace and ruin.

The effectiveness of blessing is later more specifically brought about by God, who protects us (v. 24), favours us (v. 25) and gives us peace, which is to say in other words, he offers us an abundance of happiness.

By having us listen once again to this ancient blessing at the beginning of a new solar year, the liturgy, as it were, encourages us in turn to invoke the Lord's blessing upon the New Year that is just beginning, so that it may be a year of prosperity and peace for us all [Homily, Jan. 1, 2006].

 

8. Is it a holyday of obligation?

The holydays of obligation vary from country to country, but in the United States, it usually is. According to the complementary norms passed by the U.S. bishops and approved by the Holy See:

In addition to Sunday, the days to be observed as holy days of obligation in the Latin Rite dioceses of the United States of America, in conformity with canon 1246, are as follows:

  • January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
  • Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter, the solemnity of the Ascension
  • August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
  • November 1, the solemnity of All Saints
  • December 8, the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception
  • December 25, the solemnity of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ

 

9. What if it falls on certain days of the week? Is it one of those holydays where you don't have to go to Mass in some years?

Yes. The complementary norms also specify:

Whenever January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, or August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption, or November 1, the solemnity of All Saints, falls on a Saturday or on a Monday, the precept to attend Mass is abrogated.

This year, January 1 falls on a Tuesday so it is a holyday of obligation in the Latin Rite in the United States unless your local bishop has dispensed the obligation (per Canon 87 §1).

If you need to determine whether your bishop has dispensed it, check your diocesan web site.

 

What Now?

If you like the information I've presented here, you should join my Secret Information Club.

If you're not familiar with it, the Secret Information Club is a free service that I operate by email.

I send out information on a variety of fascinating topics connected with the Catholic faith.

In fact, the very first thing you’ll get if you sign up is information about what Pope Benedict says about the book of Revelation.

He has a lot of interesting things to say!

If you’d like to find out what they are, just sign up at www.SecretInfoClub.com or use this handy sign-up form:

Just email me at jimmy@secretinfoclub.com if you have any difficulty.

In the meantime, what do you think?

 

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But for total reliance on the grace and mercy of Our Blessed Lord, I would look with dread at 2013. Thanks to the votes of Catholic democrats and others, the Church in America is the victim of an unprovoked war against it by the federal government. Because of our “crime” of adhering to God and His laws, our institutions face closure. There are onerous fines and imprisonment mentioned as penalties for opposing this “law”. We must be brave like Martin Luther King Jr. and say we will not obey an unjust law created by man if it means we must disobey Our Lord and His just and merciful law. We need not be shocked at this development. The Catholic democrats’ candidate, who is imposing this law, voted for the legal killing of girls and boys outside of their mom’s womb even after they survive the attempt to kill them in the womb. What still is shocking is that people could go to Mass on Sunday and vote for this wretched platform on Tuesday.

Thank You Mike, I totally agree with your statement and am just as befuddled as you but this is not the forum for this diatribe.
May God Bless you and yours.

Did Pope Benedict really say this: ...a mission that is at the root of the worship and devotion which the Christian people reserve for her (Mary).”?

Please tell me this is a translation issue. Otherwise, it just throws Protestant fuel on the fire of ‘Mary-worship” they accuse Catholics of.

 

Jimmy, you should be aware that the Roman Church is NOT the totality of the Catholic Church, nor even the standard.

In the Byzatine Catholic Churches in communion with Rome, such as the Melkite and Ukrainian, 1 January is the Circumcision of Christ and Feast of St. Basil the Great.

So be careful about saying how “the Church” celebrates a given calendar date. Not all Catholic Churches are Roman. (Keep in mind I’m NOT talking about the Orthodox or non-Chalcedonian Churches here.)

Dixibehr,

Point taken, but as the overwhelming majority of English speaking Catholics are Latin Rite and it is rather cumbersome to always write Latin Rite of the Church, albeit more accurate, can’t we give Jimmy a break?

It is tough being a Roman Catholic. Christmas is a very busy time of year and what does the Church do, throw three Holy Days of Obligation into the mix. (and if your Mexican Our Lady of Guadalupe too). You might almost think that this was a religious season.

Amyr, the Church rightly gives the worship of hyperdulia to the Mother of God. Jesus, being divine, receives the worship known as latria.

Dixibehr, you wrote: “In the Byzatine Catholic Churches in communion with Rome…..”

You are not Latin Rite, but by virtue of being “in communion with Rome,” that you yourself stated, you are Roman Catholic.

Nathan—Most Eastern Catholic Churches use English, and their parishioners speak English as their mother tongue. Why should it be assumed that all American Catholics are Roman/Latin? Why should “Roman” be the automatic defualt of “Catholic”? Why should Jimmy not give US a break?

Christ Forte—Eastern Catholics are more than just Roman Catholics who say mass funny. To call us Roman Catholics is to go against what Vatican II said about us. Being in communion with Rome makes us Catholic, NOT “Roman Catholic.”

I could have *sworn* that January 3 was the feast (at the level of an optional memorial) of the Holy Name of Jesus. I see that the General Norms you linked to say otherwise. (Thanks for the link, by the way.) Is that still an optional memorial or did I come across some hugely erroneous information somehow?

thank you Jimmy.

Thank you for an informative and well written explanation of the purpose for celebrating the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God. I tire of explaining to Protestant friends (yes…I have a few) that the title “Theotokos” is not a claim of motherhood of God the Father but of both the divine and the person of the Second Person of the Holy Triune Godhead. It also is not a claim that Christ received his divine status from the Blessed Virgin. To claim she is only “Christotokos, the mother of the human person of Jesus, as do many Protestants today, is to separate Christ into two separate persons; and such, as the Third Ecumenical Council held is the heresy of Nestorianism.

I have to support Dixibehr’s statements.  Our eastern lung often feel sidelined.  It does our Church no favors to forget to speak about them or to speak about them as a minority.  If we EVER hope to have full communion with the Eastern Orthodox Churches, we need to start speaking inclusively about our own eastern rite brothers and sisters.  There are many Eastern Orthodox who say “full Communion with you guys?  Right.  Look at the way you treat your eastern rites.”  I also love to throw water on the fire of an anti-Catholic know-it-all who says we don’t allow our priests to marry and say, “That isn’t quite true.”  It sends their heads in a spin and they don’t even know how to respond.  So if we speak about them more often, especially with secular types, it just rocks their black and white world.  Now, that being said, we also need to cut Mr. Akin a little break.  Here is a great idea:  What would make a really cool blog or podcast that is jointly run by Eastern rite and Latin rite folks. Any takers?

I also do not understand Pope Benedict saying ...a mission that is at the root of the worship and devotion which the Christian people reserves for her.  I thought that Catholics do not worship Mary but rather honor her.

I agree; as a practicing Byzantine Catholic, the language of this piece fails to account for the whole of the Catholic Church. Today, I celebrated the Latin Rite of the Mass by attending the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God due to some Roman Catholic family in town, but as a Byzantine family, my husband, children, and I celebrated the Circumcision of our Lord and made St. Basil’s cake. It is incorrect to say that the Feast of the Circumcision “used to be celebrated.” It is still being celebrated…it was celebrated on the vigil of the feast at our parish with the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great.

Deacon Jason, I recently discovered this blog and I think the author does a good job of writing, as a lay person, about his growing appreciation and awareness of the eastern lung of the Church.

http://ascentofcarmel.blogspot.com/2012/12/in-praise-of-eastern-catholics_29.html?m=1

Posted by amyr on Sunday, Dec 30, 2012 11:21 PM (EDT):Did Pope Benedict really say this: ...a mission that is at the root of the worship and devotion which the Christian people reserve for her (Mary).”?

Please tell me this is a translation issue. Otherwise, it just throws Protestant fuel on the fire of ‘Mary-worship” they accuse Catholics of.
****************************
The older use of the word “worship”, meant to show respect, to honor or venerate, not to worship as one worships God.Remember in English Lit. where fictional characters would address a judge or someone of rank as “Your Worship?” Same idea.

 

@Jimmy:  [“God gave men and women the gifts of eternal salvation.  And Mary continually offers her mediation to the People of God, on pilgrimage through history towards eternity, just as she once offered it to the shepherds of Bethlehem.  She, who gave earthly life to the Son of God, continues to give human beings divine life, which is Jesus himself and his Holy Spirit.”].  Jimmy, while I don’t always agree with your editorials, I do feel you (unlike the hyper insulting and insipid Mark Shea) are far more professional, reasonable and rational with your explanations and responses.  I’m going to disagree with you here, though.  First you say “God gave men and women the gifts of eternal salvation.”  Since this is true, of what need is Mary to mediate anything?  Then you say “Mary offers her mediation to the people of God.”  My comment is no slam on Mary for she is, of course, to be honored and respected as the mother of the incarnate Christ.  However, this view runs totally contrary to 1 Timothy 2:5 to wit:  “For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.”  Many Catholics are unable to discern such a view when they are told the Bible is the inerrant, Holy Spirit-inspired, eternal word of the living God.  Either Paul is correct or the church opinion regarding Mary is correct.

Casting Crowns ,
“For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” 

I remember reading Bishop Sheen’s reply to a protestant who once used this same scripture quote to attempt to prove Catholic error when we ask the Blessed Mother to pray for us.Bishop Sheen asked the protestant if he would pray for him(Bishop Sheen) & the protestant agreed he would. “Ah, but there is only one mediator between God & man” said Bishop Sheen-or something to that effect.
I’m likely taking liberties with the story, but the point was that we are all part of the communion of saints & closely connected to each other through prayer.Mary is uniquely close to Our Lord, but her prayers do not usurp His position.Nor do our’s.

@Kathleen:  That’s a poor example (and you know it).  Asking your friend, neighbor or church members to pray for you is not in the role of a mediator.  Since we have direct access to Christ to hear our prayers, of what benefit is praying through Mary?  Mathew 6:8 is clear the Father doesn’t need prodding.  Furthermore, you say she (Mary) prays too.  Where is your foundational support that Mary prays?  And what does she pray about?  Why should she pray —unless you view her as a co-Redemtrix?

Casting Crowns, where is your foundational evidence that the blessed in heaven—both angels and souls of the redeemed—do NOT pray?

Next, where is your evidence that they they pray to cross purposes?

And without getting into the issue of Co-Redemptrix (which has nothing to do with the subject of this blog), do we not somehow participate in each other’s redemption? My Baptist Sunday School teachers have participated in my redemption.

Yea, St. Paul himself said, “I became all things to all men that I might by all means SAVE some.” Does this take away from Christ as the only Savior? Does it add someone to it? Or rather, is St. Paul not saying that in some way he was an instrument in bringing salvation from the only True Savior?

Casting Crowns ,
I actually think it was a very good example, else Bishop Sheen would not have used it.

...Or Fr. Peyton, if I’ve confused the source of the story.

@Dixibehr:  [“where is your foundational evidence that the blessed in heaven—both angels and souls of the redeemed—do NOT pray?”]  It’s not my job to prove a negative.  Moreover, since you allege they do, the burden rests in your court.

@Kathleen:  [“I actually think it was a very good example, else Bishop Sheen would not have used it.”]  And how many times have you heard Clergy or Religious make a statement which is totally unbiblical?  I once heard a nun leading the RCIA tell the candidates “Everyone is going to Heaven” and she also said “The first 11 Chapters of Genesis are only stories which are not important for them to believe.”  Various Popes have stated “There is no salvation outside the Catholic church.”  Do you also believe all these statements, Kathleen?  Are they true—or are you someone who always accepts what someone in church leadership says without question because of their title and because it sounds good?

Casting Crowns,
I think you know the answers to your queries & I don’t expect my reply will profit the conversation any further.Perhaps we should move on to another topic or blog? Thanks.

@Kathleen:  That’s why you need to discern what is being told to you versus what God’s word says.  When there is a conflict, you need to decide whether to believe and trust in God’s word or accept someone speaking falsely in church leadership.  Your response above indicates you feel threatened and uncomfortable about trusting God’s word above that of ad hoc church people in authority over you.  I knew that RCIA nun was in error because the gospel says otherwise.  Why is it so hard for you to agree?  I hope it’s not because she is a nun.

Casting Crowns ,
Time to move forward.God bless.

@Kathleen:  Or run away to your comfort zone in denial.

Mary is the most direct path to holiness! Let the protestants cringe all they want. Read True Devotion by St. Louis De Montford.
(Some Catholics are worth listening to).

@mike robertson.  I totally agree with you and if you cannot commiserate with follow Catholics, who can you commiserate with!  I am not over the election results either. Going forward, life as we know it is OVER.  The battle on earth is over until GOD intervenes. All we can do is pray and look to heaven for solace. GOD bless you!

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About Jimmy Akin

Jimmy Akin
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Jimmy was born in Texas, grew up nominally Protestant, but at age 20 experienced a profound conversion to Christ. Planning on becoming a Protestant pastor or seminary professor, he started an intensive study of the Bible. But the more he immersed himself in Scripture the more he found to support the Catholic faith. Eventually, he was compelled in conscience to enter the Catholic Church, which he did in 1992. His conversion story, "A Triumph and a Tragedy," is published in Surprised by Truth. Besides being an author, Jimmy is a Senior Apologist at Catholic Answers, a contributing editor to This Rock magazine, and a weekly guest on "Catholic Answers Live."