Pope Benedict XVI created 22 new cardinals this morning at a celebration of the fourth ordinary public consistory of his pontificate in St. Peter’s Basilica.

The new cardinals, the Holy Father said in his homily, “are entrusted with the service of love: love for God, love for his Church, an absolute and unconditional love for his brothers and sisters, even unto shedding their blood, if necessary, as expressed in the words of placing the biretta and as indicated by the color of their robes.”

They are asked, he added,  “to serve the Church with love and vigor, with the transparency and wisdom of teachers, with the energy and strength of shepherds, with the fidelity and courage of martyrs. They are to be eminent servants of the Church that finds in Peter the visible foundation of unity.”

After the ceremony, the Vatican announced that Blessed Maria Anna Cope (nee Barbara), a German religious of the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis in Syracuse, N.Y., and Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha, a Native American laywoman, would be among those to be canonized at a ceremony on Oct. 21 this year.

Following today’s consistory, the College of Cardinals now has 213 members, of whom 125, being under the age of 80, are eligible to vote in an eventual conclave for the election of a new Pope. The non-electors, that is, cardinals over the age of 80 and ineligible to vote in a conclave, now number 88.

Benedict XVI has created 84 cardinals in the four consistories of his pontificate. The current members of the College of Cardinals come from 71 countries, distributed as follows: Europe, 119; North America (U.S. and Canada), 21; Latin America, 32; Africa, 17; Asia, 20; and Oceania, 4.

For an insight into the role of a cardinal, see my recent article containing reflections from two long-serving “princes of the Church.”

FULL TEXT OF HOLY FATHER’S HOMILY:

Tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram aedificabo Ecclesiam meam.

Venerable brothers,
Dear brothers and sisters,

With these words, the entrance hymn has led us into the solemn and evocative ritual of the ordinary public consistory for the creation of new cardinals, with the placing of the biretta, the handing over of the ring and the assigning of a titular church. They are the efficacious words with which Jesus constituted Peter as the solid foundation of the Church. On such a foundation the faith represents the qualitative factor: Simon becomes Peter, the Rock, in as much as he professed his faith in Jesus as Messiah and Son of God. In the proclamation of Christ, the Church is bound to Peter and Peter is placed in the Church as a rock; although it is Christ himself who builds up the Church, Peter must always be a constitutive element of that up-building. He will always be such through faithfulness to his confession made at Caesarea Philippi, in virtue of the affirmation, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

The words Jesus addressed to Peter highlight well the ecclesial character of today’s event. The new cardinals, in receiving the title of a church in this city or of a suburban diocese, are fully inserted in the Church of Rome led by the Successor of Peter, in order to cooperate closely with him in governing the universal Church. These beloved brothers, who in a few minutes’ time will enter and become part of the College of Cardinals, will be united with new and stronger bonds not only to the Roman Pontiff, but also to the entire community of the faithful spread throughout the world. In carrying out their particular service in support of the Petrine ministry, the new cardinals will be called to consider and evaluate the events, the problems and the pastoral criteria which concern the mission of the entire Church. In this delicate task, the life and the death of the Prince of the Apostles, who for love of Christ gave himself even unto the ultimate sacrifice, will be an example and a helpful witness of faith for the new cardinals.

It is with this meaning that the placing of the red biretta is also to be understood. The new cardinals are entrusted with the service of love: love for God, love for his Church, an absolute and unconditional love for his brothers and sisters, even unto shedding their blood, if necessary, as expressed in the words of placing the biretta and as indicated by the color of their robes. Furthermore, they are asked to serve the Church with love and vigor, with the transparency and wisdom of teachers, with the energy and strength of shepherds, with the fidelity and courage of martyrs. They are to be eminent servants of the Church that finds in Peter the visible foundation of unity.

In the Gospel we have just heard proclaimed, there is offered a model to imitate and to follow. Against the background of the third prediction of the passion, death and resurrection of the Son of Man, and in profound contrast to it, is placed the scene of the two sons of Zebedee, James and John, who are still pursuing dreams of glory beside Jesus. They ask him, “Grant us to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your glory” (Mark 10:37). The response of Jesus is striking, and he asks an unexpected question: “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink?” (Mark 10:38). The allusion is crystal clear: The chalice is that of the Passion, which Jesus accepts as the will of God. Serving God and others, self-giving: This is the logic which authentic faith imparts and develops in our daily lives and which is not the type of power and glory which belongs to this world.

By their request, James and John demonstrate that they do not understand the logic of the life to which Jesus witnesses, that logic which, according to the Master, must characterize the disciple in his spirit and in his actions. The erroneous logic is not the sole preserve of the two sons of Zebedee because, as the evangelist narrates, it also spreads to “the other 10” apostles, who “began to be indignant at James and John” (Mark 10:41). They were indignant because it is not easy to enter into the logic of the Gospel and to let go of power and glory.

St. John Chrysostom affirms that all of the apostles were imperfect, whether it was the two who wished to lift themselves above the other 10, or whether it was the 10 who were jealous of them (“Commentary on Matthew,” 65, 4: PG 58, 619-622). Commenting on the parallel passages in the Gospel of Luke, St. Cyril of Alexandria adds, “The disciples had fallen into human weakness and were discussing among themselves which one would be the leader and superior to the others. … This happened and is recounted for our advantage. … What happened to the holy apostles can be understood by us as an incentive to humility” (“Commentary on Luke,” 12, 5, 24: PG 72, 912). This episode gives Jesus a way to address each of the disciples and “to call them to himself,” almost to pull them in, to form them into one indivisible body with him, and to indicate which is the path to real glory, that of God: “You know that those who are supposed to rule over the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. But it shall not be so among you; but whoever would be great among you must be your servant, and whoever would be first among you must be slave of all” (Mark 10:42-44).

Dominion and service, egoism and altruism, possession and gift, self-interest and gratuitousness: These profoundly contrasting approaches confront each other in every age and place. There is no doubt about the path chosen by Jesus: He does not merely indicate it with words to the disciples of then and of today, but he lives it in his own flesh. He explains, in fact: “For the Son of man also came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). These words shed light upon today’s public consistory with a particular intensity. They resound in the depths of the soul and represent an invitation and a reminder, a commission and an encouragement especially for you, dear and venerable brothers, who are about to be enrolled in the College of Cardinals.

According to biblical tradition, the Son of man is the one who receives power and dominion from God (Daniel 7:13). Jesus interprets his mission on earth by combining the figure of the Son of man with that of the suffering Servant, described in Isaiah (53:1-12). He receives power and the glory only inasmuch as he is “servant”; but he is servant inasmuch as he welcomes within himself the fate of the suffering and the sin of all humanity. His service is realized in total faithfulness and complete responsibility towards mankind. In this way the free acceptance of his violent death becomes the price of freedom for many; it becomes the beginning and the foundation of the redemption of each person and of the entire human race.

Dear brothers, who are to be enrolled in the College of Cardinals, may Christ’s total gift of self on the cross be for you the foundation, stimulus and strength of a faith operative in charity. May your mission in the Church and the world always be “in Christ” alone, responding to his logic and not that of the world, and may it be illumined by faith and animated by charity, which comes to us from the glorious cross of the Lord. On the ring which I will soon place on your finger, are represented Sts. Peter and Paul, and in the middle a star which evokes the Mother of God. Wearing this ring, you are reminded each day to remember the witness which these two apostles gave to Christ, even unto martyrdom here in Rome, their blood making the Church fruitful. The example of the Virgin Mother will always be for you an invitation to follow her, who was strong in faith and a humble servant of the Lord.

As I bring these brief reflections to a close, I would like to extend warm greetings and thanks to all present, especially to the official delegations from various countries and to the various diocesan groups. The new cardinals, in their service, are called to remain faithful to Christ at all times, letting themselves be guided only by his Gospel.

Dear brothers and sisters, pray that their lives will always reflect the Lord Jesus, our sole shepherd and teacher, source of every hope, who points out the path to everyone. And pray also for me, that I may continually offer to the people of God the witness of sound doctrine and guide holy Church with a firm and humble hand.

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Following his homily, the Pope pronounced the formula of the creation of the new cardinals, their names and the diaconate or presbyteral order to which they have been assigned. The new cardinals then recited the Creed and swore their faithfulness and obedience to the Pope and his successors. They then received their biretta and ring from the hands of the Pope, who also assigned them their title or diaconate.

Following the ceremony, Cardinal Angelo Amato SDB., prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, introduced the ordinary public consistory for the canonization of the following blesseds: Jacques Berthieu, French martyr and priest of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); Pedro Calungsod, Filipino lay catechist and martyr; Giovanni Battista Piamarta, Italian priest and founder of the Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth and of the Congregation of the Humble Sister Servants of the Lord; Maria del Carmen (nee Maria Salles y Barangueras), Spanish foundress of the Conceptionist Missionary Sisters of Teaching; Maria Anna Cope (nee Barbara), German religious of the Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis in Syracuse, U.S.A.; Kateri Tekakwitha, American laywoman; and Anna Schaffer, German laywoman. The Holy Father has decreed that the canonization ceremony will take place on Sunday, Oct. 21. The consistory concluded with the apostolic blessing.

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Each new cardinal is, according to tradition, given a titular or diaconate church in or close to Rome:

Electors

Cardinal Fernando Filoni, diaconate of Nostra Signora di Coromoto in San Giovanni di Dio

Cardinal Manuel Monteiro de Castro, diaconate of San Domenico di Guzman

Cardinal Santos Abril y Castello, diaconate of San Ponziano

Cardinal Antonio Maria Veglio, diaconate of San Cesareo in Palatio

Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello, diaconate of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia

Cardinal Francesco Coccopalmerio, diaconate of San Giuseppe dei Falegnami

Cardinal Joao Braz de Aviz, diaconate of Sant’Elena fuori Porta Prenestina

Cardinal Edwin Frederick O’Brien, diaconate of San Sebastiano al Palatino

Cardinal Domenico Calcagno, diaconate of Annunciazione della Beata Vergine Maria a Via Ardeatina

Cardinal Giuseppe Versaldi, diaconate of Sacro Cuore di Gesu a Castro Pretorio

Cardinal George Alencherry, title of San Bernardo alle Terme

Cardinal Thomas Christopher Collins, title of San Patrizio

Cardinal Dominik Jaroslav Duka, O.P., title of Santi Marcellino e Pietro

Cardinal Willem Jacobus Eijk, title of San Callisto

Cardinal Giuseppe Betori, title of San Marcello

Cardinal Timothy Michael Dolan, title of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario

Cardinal Rainer Maria Woelki, title of San Giovanni Maria Vianney

Cardinal John Tong Hon, title of Regina Apostolorum

Non-electors:

Cardinal Lucian Muresan, title of Sant’Atanasio

Cardinal Julien Ries, diaconate of Sant’Antonio di Padova a Circonvallazione Appia

Cardinal Prosper Grech, O.S.A., diaconate of Santa Maria Goretti

Cardinal Karl Josef Becker, S.J., diaconate of San Giuliano Martire